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An OS is a program that controls the execution of application programs and acts as an interface between applications and the computer hardware.
  操作系统是控制应用程序执行的程序，在应用程序和计算机硬件之间充当接口。

The OS provides a variety of facilities and services, such as editors and debuggers.
  操作系统提供多种设施和服务，如编辑器和调试器。

Instructions and data must be loaded into main memory before being executed.
  指令和数据在执行前必须加载到主存。

The OS provides a uniform interface that hides these details so that programmers can access such devices using simple reads and writes.
  操作系统提供了一个统一接口，隐藏这些细节，这样程序员就可以通过简单的读写操作访问这些设备。

In the case of a system with multiple users, the OS may provide protection mechanisms to control access to the files.
  如果系统有多个用户，操作系统可以提供保护机制来控制对文件的访问。

A variety of errors can occur while a computer system is running. These include internal and external hardware
errors, and various software errors.
  计算机系统运行时可能发生各种错误。这些包括内部和外部硬件错误和各种软件错误。

A good OS will collect usage statistics for various resources and monitor performance parameters such as response time.
  一个好的操作系统会收集各种资源的使用统计数据，并监控响应时间等性能参数。

The use of graphics terminals and page-mode terminals instead of line-at-a-time scroll mode terminals affects OS design.
  使用图形终端和页面模式终端而不是一次一行滚动模式终端影响操作系统的设计。

Any OS has faults These are discovered over the course of time and fixed are made.
  任何操作系统都有故障这些故障会随着时间的推移被发现并修复。

For large programs, such as the typical contemporary OS, what might be referred to as straightforward modularization is inadequate.
  对于大型程序，例如典型的现代操作系统，所谓的直接模块化是不够的。