Lesson 50 Taken for a ride 乘车兜风

• 生词

  excursion 远足
  conductor 售票员
  view 景色;观点
  loose v 释放
  loose n 松动

• 短语或句子

  go on an excursion 短途旅行
  give sb. a ride 送某人一程
  take sb. a ride 载某人一程
  go for a ride 去兜风
  in the front of 空间内部的前面
  in front of 在…的前面
  put sb. off 下车
  in that case 既然这样
  prefer to do 喜欢做某事
  prefer A to B 更喜欢A
  It takes sb. time to do sth. 花时间做某事
  It takes sb. time to(介) sth.

• 语法

  looking around, I realized with a shock… looking around 是伴随状语.
  I realized with a shock that I was the only passenger left on the bus. that后是一个同位语从句.同步说明 shock 的含义.
  定从和同位语从句主要区别：
  A、先行词不同：
同位语从句特征：先行词通常都是抽象名词(news,idea,question,promise,fact,shock)
定语从句特征：先行词通常是具体名词(人,物)
  B、连接词含义不同
同位语从句连接词: that/how/whether 在从句中不承担句子成分,只起连接作用
定语从句连接词是关系词，分关系代词和关系副词
  C、从句作用的不同
定语从句具有形容词或副词的特点，对先行词起修饰、限定作用，描述先行词的性质或特征，与先行词之间是所属关系。同位语从句具有名词的特点，对中心词作进一步补充解释，是中心词的具体内容。
  总结：如何区分同位语和定从
由于同位语从句是用以说明被修饰名词的具体内容的，所它可以转换同位名词的表语;而定语从句则不能作这种转换。
  疑问副词+不定时做宾语：
  I don’t know what to do.(非从句，疑问副词+不定时做宾语)
  I don’t know what I can do.(宾语从句)
  不定时表示目的：
  Let us go to the supermarket to get some milk.
  分词做状语从句：
  Seeing me, Tom ran away.
  see 动词+ing，现在分词做状语从句
  Walking into the teacher’s office, she lookedd a little worried.
  She looked a little worried when she walked into the teacher’s office.

Lesson 51 Reward for virtue 对美德的奖赏

• 生词

  reward v 奖赏;
  reward your kindness 奖励你的善良
  reward sb. for sth. 因为某事奖励
  reward n 报偿
  give a reward for sth. 因为某事奖励
  virtue n 美德
  honesty is a virtue 诚实是一种美德
  diet n 节食
  go on a diet 节食
  be on a diet 节食
  balance diet 均衡饮食
  forbid v 禁止 [forbade,forbidden]
forbid sb to do sth 禁止某人做某事
  Mom forbids me to go swimming.
  forbidding adj 让人害怕的
  hurry n/v 匆忙
  hurried adj 匆忙的
  hurriedly adv 匆忙地
  embarrass v 使尴尬
  guilty adj 内疚的
  guiltily adv 内疚地
  be guilty of sth. 因为某事/某物而内疚
  He was guilty of his mistake.
  strict adj 严格的
  be strict in sth. 在某事上严格的
  Mom is strict in her child.
  occasionally adv 偶尔地
  occasional adv 偶尔的
  I have an occasional headache
  obvious 明显的
  It was obvious that he was very embarrassed. 很明显他非常的尴尬.
  cheat 欺骗
  It is a fact that he cheated in the exam.

• 短语或句子

  pay one’s a visit 拜访某人
  be surprised to do sth 惊奇的做某事
  as fat as ever 和以前一样胖

• 语法

  动词+ing=adj 表示让人怎么样
  动词+ed=adj 表示自己怎么样
   
  It 做形式主语的主语从句
  It was obvious that he was lying.
It is obvious that I can't finish my homework today.
  和宾语从句的区别
  主语从句：It is useful that I should study english.
  宾语从句：He says that it is useful that he should study english.

• 翻译

  你不许把这件事告诉任何人（逢考必错）
  I forbid you to tell anyone about this.
  她的努力应该得到奖赏
  She deserves a reward for her effort.
  老师对我们要求很严格
  The teacher is very strict with us.
  他们问她的年龄时，她很尴尬
  She was so embarrassed when they asked her age.

• 难点

  raise and rise
  raise [raised,raised] vt 人为提升，外力提升
  rise [rose,risen] vi 自己提升
  That boy always raises his had when I ask a question.
The sun has just risen.
   
  lay and lie
  lie [lied,lied] v 说谎
  lie [lay,lain] v 位于,躺
  lay [laid,laid] v 放置,下蛋
   
  beat and win
  beat + 人
  win + 比赛